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spotted catbird
The spotted catbird (''Ailuroedus melanotis'') is a species of bowerbird (''Ptilonorhyncidae'') which can be found in north Queensland, Australia and the island of New Guinea, including its surrounding islands.〔Higgins, P.J., Peter, J.M. and Cowling, S.J. 2006. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Vol. 7: Boatbill to Starlings. – Oxford Univ. Press.〕
They are named after their cat-like wails and black ear spot. It is also known as the Black-eared catbird which is described in its Latin name: ''ailur''-cat, ''oidos''-singing, ''melas''-black and ''otus''-ear.〔Lederer, R. and Burr, C. 2014. Latin for Birdwatchers. – Allen & Unwin.〕 Although it is a member of the bowerbird family it does not build a bower.
Widespread and common throughout its large range, the spotted catbird is evaluated as Least Concern on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
==Taxonomy==
The Spotted catbird is one of three species in the genus ''Ailuroedus'', the non bower-building bowerbirds. The White-eared catbird (''A. buccoides''), which is endemic to New Guinea and adjacent islands, and the Green catbird (''A. cassirostris'') which lives in Australia from southeastern Queensland to New South Wales are the other two.〔Frith, C. B. and Frith, D.W. 2001. Nesting biology of the spotted catbird, Ailuroedus melanotis, a monogamous bowerbird (Ptilonorhyncidae), in Australian Wet Tropics upland rainforests – Aust. J. of Zool. 49: 279-310.〕 The noticeable difference between the two Australian dwelling species is the lack of black ear-coverts and reduction in dorsal spotting on ''A. cassirostris''.〔Ford, J. 1977. Taxonomic status of the spotted catbird on Cape York Peninsula – Sunbird 8: 61-64.〕 Molecular evidence suggests ''Ailuroedus'' is a sister group to the other bowerbirds, diverging into the only genus within the eight species of Australian bowerbirds that is monogamous and does not build a bower or clear a court for mating.〔Borgia, G. 1995. Why do dowerbirds build bowers? – Am. Sci. 83:542-547〕〔Kusmierski, R., Borgia, G., Crozier, R.H. and Chan, B.H.Y. 1993. Molecular information on bowerbird phylogeny and the evolution of exaggerated make characteristics – J. Evol. Biol. 6: 737-752〕 The other bowerbirds are polygynous and make various forms of bowers or create stages for mating.〔Christidis, L. and Schodde, R. 1992. Relationships among the Birds-of-Paradise (Paradisaeidae) and Bowerbirds (Ptilonorhyncidae): protein evidence – Aust. J. Zool. 40: 343-353〕 One study revealed the catbirds have a smaller brain for their body size compared to the bower-building species.〔Madden, J. 2001. Sex, bowers and brains – Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 268: 833-838〕
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